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美联社10月9日的报道追踪了阿拉斯加狭鳕捕捞中的混获问题。一块常见鱼排背后，连接着廉价食品、渔业就业、鲑鱼保护与原住民社区生活。

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A fish stick may look like a simple food. Yet the fish inside it can be part of a difficult environmental debate. Many fish sticks, fish sandwiches and imitation crab products in the United States use Alaska pollock. The Bering Sea pollock fishery is one of the largest in the world. Pollock is mild in taste and easy to process, so it appears in many familiar meals. Its huge scale also makes a small unwanted catch important.

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一根鱼条看起来可能只是普通食物，但其中的鱼却可能卷入一场复杂的环境争论。在美国，许多鱼条、鱼肉汉堡和仿蟹肉制品使用阿拉斯加狭鳕。白令海狭鳕渔业是全球规模最大的渔业之一。狭鳕味道清淡、易于加工，因此出现在许多熟悉的餐食中。它巨大的捕捞规模也使少量意外捕获变得重要。

Fishing boats use large trawl nets to catch pollock. Other sea animals sometimes enter the nets by accident. This is called bycatch. AP reported that bycatch was about 2 percent of the pollock fishery’s total catch. However, over the past ten years, the boats caught an average of about 18,000 Chinook salmon and 288,000 other salmon each year.

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渔船使用大型拖网捕捞狭鳕，其他海洋动物有时会意外进入网中，这被称为“混获”。美联社报道，混获约占狭鳕渔业总捕获量的2%。然而，在过去十年里，这些渔船平均每年捕获约1.8万条帝王鲑和28.8万条其他鲑鱼。

The issue has become more serious because salmon runs in western Alaska have fallen sharply. Scientists say warmer water and changing ocean conditions are the main causes, rather than trawl fishing alone. Still, critics see bycatch as one cause that fishery managers can control. Alaska and Canada began a seven-year ban on Chinook fishing along the Yukon River in 2024. Many Alaska Native communities there have depended on salmon for food, work and culture for generations.

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由于阿拉斯加西部的鲑鱼洄游量大幅下降，这一问题变得更加严重。科学家认为，主要原因是海水变暖和海洋环境变化，而不只是拖网捕捞。不过，批评者认为混获是渔业管理者能够控制的一个因素。2024年，阿拉斯加和加拿大开始在育空河沿线实施为期七年的帝王鲑捕捞禁令。当地许多阿拉斯加原住民社区世代依靠鲑鱼获得食物、工作和文化传承。

The pollock industry says it is trying to avoid salmon. Captains share information about where salmon are found. Some areas close each week, and special devices help salmon escape from nets. Observers or cameras monitor boats, and every salmon caught is counted. During four days on one boat, an AP reporter saw the captain search for waters with fewer salmon. That search used nearly 3,000 gallons of fuel.

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狭鳕行业表示，它正在努力避开鲑鱼。船长们共享鲑鱼出现位置的信息，一些区域每周会关闭，特殊装置则帮助鲑鱼逃出渔网。观察员或摄像机会监督渔船，每一条被捕获的鲑鱼都会被计数。美联社记者在一艘船上观察的四天里，船长曾寻找鲑鱼较少的水域，这次搜寻消耗了近3000加仑燃料。

Regulators are now considering stronger limits. A NOAA review examines possible caps on chum salmon bycatch. If a cap is reached, part or all of the Bering Sea could close to pollock fishing. The review focuses especially on fish from western Alaska because those populations matter greatly to local communities. NOAA says the final environmental review is expected in late November 2026, before a later decision.

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监管机构正在考虑更严格的限制。美国海洋和大气管理局的一项审查研究对大马哈鱼混获设置上限的可能方案。如果达到上限，白令海部分或全部水域可能停止狭鳕捕捞。审查尤其关注来自阿拉斯加西部的鲑鱼，因为这些种群对当地社区非常重要。该机构称，最终环境审查预计将在2026年11月下旬完成，之后再作决定。

The debate has no easy answer. Pollock provides affordable food and supports many jobs. Salmon also supports river communities and an old way of life. Better nets and better information can reduce some harm, but they cannot remove every conflict. The real question is how much unwanted catch society will accept for a large supply of cheap fish.

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这场争论没有简单答案。狭鳕提供价格较低的食物，也支撑许多就业岗位；鲑鱼同样支撑着河流沿岸社区和一种古老的生活方式。更好的渔网和信息可以减少部分伤害，却无法消除所有冲突。真正的问题是：为了获得大量廉价鱼类，社会愿意接受多少意外捕获？

新闻来源

• AP · The fish behind America’s fish sticks is fueling a fight over trawling in Alaska
• NOAA · Environmental Impact Statement and Regulatory Impact Review Proposed Amendment to the Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Management Area Bering Sea Chum Salmon Bycatch Management

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